Effects Of Divorce On Children s Socio Economic Success...

Ora Fudge English 1302.41430 Prof. Savage 4 Dec. 2016 Effects of Divorce on Children s Socio-Economic Success The family is the lowest unit within the social structure. Basically, a family consists of a couple and their children. Socially, a â€Å"full† family unit is respected while â€Å"one† units are stigmatized. In the past decade, an extensive literature has been developed in relation to the interplay between family structure, family change and child outcomes. In the developed world, marriage is no longer a priority particularly to the younger generation. There is a dimension of literature that claims that children raised by lone parents generally perform relatively poorer than those brought up in two-parent set ups (Jeffrey 102-103). Divorce should be viewed as a series of events and not as a single event. It involves a confluence of factors and processes that occur during and after the divorce. This essay asserts that divorce has negative effects on Children s Socio-economic success. Divorce affects education in qu antifiable terms. Education influences a child’s economic status through multiple fronts. The first dimension is access to the job market and occupation. Good education or schooling is associated with higher pay which in turn translates to better lifestyles and quality of life (Jeffrey 67-68). Studies indicate that divorce and low educational performance are positively correlated. A study conducted by Potter established that students’ in divorced familiesShow MoreRelatedThe Attachment Theory On Child Abuse, The Family, And. Children And Divorce2249 Words   |  9 PagesAttachment Theory in Child Psychology The term attachment describes an infant s tendency to seek closeness to particular people and to feel more secure in their presence (Atkinson et al, 2000, p90). This essay will attempt to provide a brief and up to date summary of attachment theory and research, show how it is linked to Child Abuse, the Family, and Children and Divorce, critically evaluating attachment s predictive value. One of the most influential theories in the history of attachmentRead More The Attachment Theory in Child Psychology Essay2260 Words   |  10 Pagesbrief and up to date summary of attachment theory and research, show how it is linked to Child Abuse, the Family, and Children and Divorce, critically evaluating attachments predictive value. One of the most influential theories in the history of attachment has been that of John Bowlby developed during a study of the mental health of homeless children for the World Health Organisation in 1951. 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Summary Of The Help By Kathryn Stockett - 1729 Words

Taylor Santiago The title of this book is called The Help by Kathryn Stockett. The main characters in the story are two maids named Aibileen and Minny. These two are important to the story taking on the roles of the help. Aibileen is a 52 year old maid who has been taking care of other people’s children since she was a teenager. A few years prior to the book’s beginning, Aibileen’s son, Treelore, died. Her recent employer’s child she takes care of and her love for her son is what convinced her to take the step to have her experiences published even though she was skeptic. Minny is a sassy maid who is known for talking back to her employers. She is very cautious about who she lets in her life because of her home life. She had her concerns about the book being published as well. The protagonist in the story is named Eugenia AKA â€Å"Skeeter†. Skeeter is a 22 year old college graduate who wants nothing more than to be a writer. Her writing career kicks off because s he published an anonymous book featuring her point of view on how the white people act around the help and the experiences of African-American maids with their white employers. The significance of the time period being in the 1960’s is that during this time period, there was a lot of segregation still going on. It was symbolic that Skeeter treated the maids like human beings due to the high amount of discrimination in this time period. This was the era in which Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated. It also was theShow MoreRelatedThe Help : A Timeless Timepiece1473 Words   |  6 Pages The Help: a Timeless Timepiece The Help by Kathryn Stockett is one of the most marvelous novels capturing the zeitgeist of the 1960’s written in recent times: being published February 10, 2009. This novel not only described the situation between African-American maids and their employers, but encapsulated the thoughts and sentiments of the people that characterized the decade of the 60’s. These thoughts were depicted well because the author, Kathryn Stockett, grew up in Jackson, Mississippi;Read MoreThe, The Jungle By Upton Sinclair, And The Help By Kathryn Stockett Essay2033 Words   |  9 Pagesimportant book published in the history of science† (Hatch). At another point in one’s youth, academic writing could have been defined as the challenging of moralities. An example of such writing would be, The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, or, The Help by Kathryn Stockett. Now, as one begins to take on academic writing at a collegiate level, the author of any piece of literature must take these t wo accounts into great consideration. Academic writing can be defined as the freedom to express opinionated thoughts

Global Commerce World History Notes free essay sample

In the notes, be sure to define and explain the significance of the following key terms: trading post empire the empire the Portuguese created in the Indian Ocean by obtaining bases through attacking small and weak states, no naval force in Asia was able to match the Portuguese guns or invulnerability * The Portuguese wanted control over commerce in the Indian Ocean and did so with force * Only able to control half the spice trade, could not sell their goods because they were not desired by Asian markets resorted to selling service of shipping goods African Diaspora -? The transatlantic spread ofAfrican people * Introduced elements of African culture such as religious ideas, musical and artistic traditions, and cuisine Answer the following chapter questions: 1 . What drove European involvement in the world of Asian commerce (think back as well to your Napoleons Buttons readings)? * Desire for tropical spices cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, cloves, and pepper because they were used as cond iments and preservatives and sometimes regarded as aphrodisiacs * Desire for products such as Chinese silk, Indian cotton, rhubarb for medicine, emeralds, rubies, sapphires * The pop. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Commerce World History Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page OfRupees monarchs was recovering after the Black Death, learning how to tax more effectively, and learning how to build stronger military forces with gunpowder weapons * As cities grew, they became centers of international commerce, leading to a more capitalist economy based on market exchange, private ownership, and accumulation of capital * Problems with goods coming for East through the Middle East * Egypt was the primary point of transfer of goods from East into the Mediterranean, Venetians resented the Muslim monopoly of Indian Ocean trade * Europeans disliked relying on Venice Europeans required to pay gold and silver, which were the only materials wanted by the East * No Asian navy was able to match that of the Portuguese * They lacked the arms and onboard cannons.

The Fall Of The Liberal Consensus Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper The Fall of the Liberal Consensus Looking at the United States in 1965, it would look that the hereafter of the broad consensus was good entrenched. The anti-war motion was in full swing, civil rights were traveling frontward, and Johnson # 8217 ; s Great Society was working to relieve the predicament of the hapless in America. Yet, by 1968 the broad consensus had fallen apart, which led to the victory of conservativism with the election of President Reagan in 1980. The inquiry must be posed, how in the class of 15 old ages did broad consensus autumn apart and conservativism rise to the head? What were the decisive factors that caused the fracturing of what seemed to be such a powerful political force? In looking at the period from 1968 to the victory of Reagan in 1980, America was shaken to the nucleus by the Watergate dirt, the stalling of economic growing, gas deficits, and the Vietnam War. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fall Of The Liberal Consensus Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In an epoch that included the sum of turbulency that the 1970 # 8217 ; s did, it is non hard to conceive of that conservativism come to power. In this paper I will analyse how the broad consensus went from one of its high points in 1965 to one of its depressions in 1968. From there I will demo how conservativism rose to power by the 1980 elections. In making so, I will look at how factors within the American economic system, civil rights issues, and political workings of the United States contributed to the fracturing of the broad consensus and the rise of conservativism. In order to look at how the broad consensus went from a high point in 1965 to a depression in 1968, I think that it is first of import to look at the province of the broad consensus in 1965. Making so will supply us with a get downing point from which to mensurate the fracturing and besides set up a model from which we can analyse how and why the fracturing of the broad consensus occurred. Looking at the 1960 # 8217 ; s we can see that by 1965, much advancement had been made toward the docket of the broad consensus. During President Johnson # 8217 ; s term in office from 1964 to 1968, Johnson had declared a war on poorness. This is made apparent when Johnson attempts to assail poorness at its roots. He states, Our main arms in a more pinpointed onslaught will be better schools, and better wellness, and better places, and better preparation, and better occupation chances to assist more Americans, particularly immature Americans, flight from sordidness and wretchedness and unemployment axial rotations where other citizens help to transport them. The words of Johnson outline the premiss of the broad consensus, that given the chance persons would work to The # 8220 ; Great Society # 8221 ; plans that were to enable the alteration, were for the most portion enacted under Johnson during his term in office. This stems mostly from his experience and power with Congress. In the context of the broad consensus the civil rights motion had made some of import paces during the 1960 # 8217 ; s besides. The broad consensus pushed for the integrating of schools to let for minorities to give themselves the instruction that they needed to take part every bit in the occupation market. Furthermore, the broad consensus pushed for integrating and the political orientation that persons if given equal chance would be able to work out the jobs of favoritism through the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The economic system of the United States was the most of import issue in solidifying the broad consensus. From the 1950 # 8217 ; s through the 1960 # 8217 ; s the United States economic system appeared as if it were on an eternal path of prosperity. In the 1960 # 8217 ; s the United States Gross National Product was up 31 % . Murray writes that, # 8220 ; Economists believed that in Keynesian economic sciences they had found the key to ageless prosperity. # 8221 ; The belief that the economic system would go on to turn, fed the belief in the broad consensus # 8217 ; political orientation that in leting for free competition in the market place non merely would economic jobs be solved but besides the jobs of poorness and of civil rights. With the political orientation of the broad consensus steadfastly in topographic point in 1965, how could such profound alteration occur in merely three old ages that marked the atomization of the consensus? It was the development of four major issues that caused the atomization of the consensus: the Vietnam War, the diminution of the economic system, and dissatisfaction with the advancement of civil rights. These three issues revealed major jobs of the American public toward the broad consensus, weakening it to the point where it collapsed. The Vietnam War marked the beginning of the diminution of the broad consensus. Rooted in the political orientation of containment, the entryway of the United States in the war in Vietnam was an illustration of the broad consensus # 8217 ; belief that the United States was economically and militarily powerful plenty to face communism and prevent its spread. Hodgson writes, Here was a political leader ( Johnson ) in a place of seemingly inviolable strength. He had to make up ones mind how to pass national resources that were turning at the rate of 5 per cent a twelvemonth. With the addition of aggression in Vietnam, the ability to fund the war through the addition in authorities grosss due to Keynesian economic sciences, and the belief that the United States was capable of easy winning the war in Vietnam, the broad consensus optimistically increased U.S. engagement in the war. The program for U.S. engagement in Vietnam that was put away by General Westmoreland called for triumph by 1967. However, the program was excessively optimistic. This is evidenced by the North Vietnamese # 8217 ; s Tet offensive in 1968. From here two major jobs arise because of the United States engagement in the Vietnam War. First the war diverted financess from the societal plans that were intended to halt the job of poorness in the United States. Harmonizing to Hodgson, In the first twelvemonth ( 1964 ) , OEO # 8217 ; s budget had been $ 750 million. In the 2nd twelvemonth, Congress appropriated $ 1.5 million. The bureau # 8217 ; s ain five-year program envisaged a monolithic, countrywide community-action scheme with plans in both urban slums and rural depressed countries and a entire budget of $ 3.5 billion. In the new clime, the Administration asked for merely half of that figure, or $ 1.75 billion, and Congress eventually appropriated even less: $ 1.625 billion. The money that was intended to travel to these societal plans was diverted to the war in Vietnam. Harmonizing to Hodgson, # 8220 ; In the whole of the financial twelvemonth that had merely ended, the combat of the war in Southeast Asia had cost $ 100 million. In May, ( of 1965 ) the Administration had asked for $ 700 million more. The August and January petitions between them came to more than $ 14 billion. # 8221 ; With the remotion of support for societal plans that garnished support for the broad consensus, atomization began. The 2nd issue that stems from the Vietnam War is that it diverted attending from the jobs of civil rights in the United States. These are inquiries that were of import in the heads of Americans. Hodgson writes, # 8220 ; ? How is it # 8217 ; , John Doar was asked from the floor of at the orientation session in Ohio, ? that the authorities can protect the Vietnamese from the Viet Cong, and the same authorities will non accept the moral duty of protecting the people in Mississippi? # 8221 ; This deficiency of attending fueled the atomization of the civil rights motion into more extremist and aggressive signifiers. One of its most seeable and of import facets of the fracturing of the civil rights motion took signifier in the Lowndes County Freedom Organization, otherwise known as the Black Panther Party. Stokely Carmichael marks the feelings of portion of America in reaction to the rise of fragmented civil rights groups such as the Black Panthers when he writes, â€Å"as for white America, possibly it can halt shouting out against? black domination, ’ ? black patriotism, ’ ? racism in contrary, ’ and get down confronting reality.† While we now have an apprehension of how the atomization of the broad consensus occurred, we still need to look at how this atomization gave rise to the conservativism, climaxing in the election of Reagan in 1980. In order to make this we must look at how the events of the 1970 # 8217 ; s give form and apprehension to the bend from the broad consensus to conservativism. To make this it is of import to look at three specific issues that arose during the 1970 # 8217 ; s: the downswing of the American economic system, the Watergate dirt, and the rise of philistinism. The downswing of the American economic system is likely the most of import issue in the rise of conservativism by the 1980 election. From 1969 to 1980 the United States went through three major economic recessions. The consequence of this on the rise of conservativism stems from two primary issues: unemployment and the failure of the authorities to supply economic growing. Unemployment had a big consequence on the mind of the American public. Hodgson writes that in the 1970 # 8217 ; s, Inflation had taken clasp. Recession threatened. The balance-of-payments shortage was awful. The United States was going ominously dependent on foreign oil and natural stuffs and on foreign markets. And these nonsubjective jobs bred new attitudes. For the first clip since the mid-thirtiess, people were no longer certain that corporate concern was beneficent. For a coevals, it had provided occupations. Now unemployment was get downing to lift Ratess of existent unemployment remained reasonably low until the energy crisis bit difficult in 1973-74. But the unemployment rate, which measures the figure of people out of work on a given twenty-four hours earnestly underestimates the figure of workers with ground to fear for their occupations. The fact that unemployment was up and that persons were in fright for their occupations created a recoil against the actions that the broad consensus took to stem the jobs of civil rights and the reaction that had in portion caused the atomization of the broad consensus. The recoil is explained by the combination of the Civil Rights Act and the radical positions and actions of splinter minority groups. Sections of the American population looked at the Civil Rights Act as giving minorities penchant in the hiring procedure. Unite this with the belief that radical minority groups were viewed as forcing for # 8220 ; black domination # 8221 ; and the field is set up for a conservative triumph in 1980. This stems from the rhetoric of conservativists. Reagan is forcing for the decrease of the function of authorities in the populace sphere. This includes countries such as civil rights. Second, stemming from the recessions and rising prices of the 1970 # 8217 ; s there was a misgiving of the authorities, because of the failure of the economic system to turn. Conservatives capitalize on this in the 1980 elections. Reagan, in a address as a presidential campaigner, provinces, In my disposal at that place should and will be a thorough and systematic reappraisal of the 1000s of Federal ordinances that affect the economic system. Along with disbursement control, revenue enhancement reform and deregulating, a sound stable and predictable pecuniary policy is indispensable to reconstructing economic wellness. Each of these policies is intended to do the economic system run smoother and to do growing in the economic system. The Watergate dirt of the Nixon presidential term besides plays a major function in rise of conservativism by the 1980 elections. Following the atomization of the broad consensus, Nixon was faced with many oppositions to his proposed policies toward Vietnam, civil rights, adult females # 8217 ; s rights, and the environment. With the interruption in of the Democratic National Headquarters, Nixon was seeking to do certain that he was able to breakup any rebuilding of a consensus by the Democratic party of these presently splintered groups, in order to guarantee his election. The Watergate dirt had a major consequence on the American public. Namely it created a misgiving of large authorities. This misgiving of inordinate authorities power was capitalized on by conservativists. Reagan provinces, # 8220 ; We must foremost acknowledge that the job with the U.S. economic system is swollen, inefficient authorities, gratuitous ordinance, excessively much revenue enhancement, excessively mu ch printing imperativeness money. # 8221 ; This statement shows an built-in misgiving of the authorities # 8217 ; s abuse of power, power which is being abused through excessively much revenue enhancement, ordinance, irresponsible pecuniary controls. Finally, we can see how the rise of philistinism fed the rise of conservativism. President Carter provinces, # 8220 ; In a state that was proud of difficult work, strong households, closely knit communities, and our religion in God, excessively many of us now tend to idolize self-indulgence and consumption. # 8221 ; The fracturing of the broad consensus helped to feed the fracturing of # 8220 ; strong households and close-knit communities. # 8221 ; The revolution of ideals and values that caused the fracturing of the broad consensus necessitated the rejection of traditional values such as strong households and closely knit communities. Because the Carter disposal was in power when the crisis of the American spirit became evident and of import in the heads of the American public, the incrimination for the state of affairs landed at their pess. This Federal into the custodies of the conservativists who traditionally valued the importance of the household, difficult work, and commun ity as replies to jobs in American society. In a authorship that extols conservative values, this becomes apparent when it states, # 8220 ; The lone reliable path from poorness is ever work, household, and faith. # 8221 ; When looking at how the fracturing of the broad consensus allowed for conservative victory in 1980, I think that a few major issues can be seen. First, there is small difference in what both the broad consensus and conservativists see as cardinal issues. Both the broad consensus and conservativists see the economic system as the most of import issue in deriving power. However, each side had a different sentiment on what was the best manner to do economic growing. While the broad consensus focused on authorities control to do the economic system run swimmingly, conservativists saw deregulating and the remotion of every bit much authorities control as possible from the economic system as cardinal in doing it turn. The high costs of the Vietnam War coupled with the economic crises of the 1970 # 8217 ; s caused the American public to look for a new signifier of economic policy to make economic growing. The conservativists provided this in the 1980 election. Of secondary importance the civil rights issue played an of import function in conveying about the victory of conservativism. The fractionalization of the Civil Rights Movement, caused a big part of the American public to fear continued enlargement of civil rights in the way of sliver groups such as the Black Panthers. Furthermore parts of the American public saw the development of civil rights as a menace to their occupations, which in a clip of recession created an gap for the conservativists to leap on. And eventually, the issue of misgiving of authorities due to the failures of the broad consensus to excite economic growing and the Watergate dirt played into the custodies of the conservativists who preached the decrease of authorities presence in about all facets of Americans # 8217 ; lives. This must hold been a strong motivation factor in many # 8220 ; Reagan Democrats # 8221 ; who sided with conservativists in the 1980 election. 349

Napster Case Solution Essay Example

Napster Case Solution Essay Objective: Viability of Napster as a revenue generating company. Case in brief: Napster is a brainchild of Shawn fanning, launched on June 1 ,1999 as a peer-to-peer music downloading program for college students. Napster became a one of the most popular sites on the internet, claiming some 15 million users in little more than a year. From the beginning, Napster facing so many problems from the RIAA and music industry players. Napster violated the copyrights by allowing users to swap the music recordings for free. However, on March 5, 2001 Napster was ordered by the U. S. court to stop trading copyrighted material. The following Year Napster filed for bankruptcy and was bought out by Roxio Inc. Key success factors: The main point in the case is the Principle of copyright protection will enable the Napster to transform itself from a freeloader’s paradise to a revenue generating business in the face of competition. Before considering the viability of Napster as a revenue generating company, analysis of key drivers of success is required. Napster is the first success story of distributed computing which is using unused capacity of the millions of computers on the Internet be an efficient source of processing power. Napster, with its central servers, is not the purest form of distributed computing, but is an important step in that direction. The development of MP3 format and portable MP3 players has played a major role in success of Napster. Situation Analysis: If the Napster providing a service of copyrighted materials, it has to charge for these services. In this case, copyrighted music is tightly held by the recording industry and the cost to acquire those assets are extremely high. Given that copyrighted music is tightly held and the limited nature of Napster’s financial resources, Napster can only hope to acquire these assets through alliances. We will write a custom essay sample on Napster Case Solution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Napster Case Solution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Napster Case Solution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Moreover, an alliance will not be useful unless a minimum number of record companies commit to this alliance. Strategic alternatives: Despite the reluctance to pay for online content, have to create a awareness that content cannot remain free forever, driven by awareness of financial problems that Internet companies are having as well as by recognizing that content creators must receive compensation for their work. The key to any subscription-based model is to understand the features that the consumer values (demand), and to offer those features with level of exclusivity (scarcity). To succeed in the dynamic music market, Napster must offer a tiered set of subscriptions with different levels of payment and commitment. Service options could be in a following packages. * Pay per download: Small cost to downloading a particular song. Offers all kinds of control and flexibility to user. Would require registration with site. Micropayments might be useful here. * Unlimited access to specific Napster defined libraries: This could mean access to the popular content or even artist based access. Unlimited access to all content based on limited time commitment: * Unlimited commitment: this could means commitment for a minimum of 1 year. The sustainability of a subscription-based service is possible only if Napster can align itself with all the major record labels to have their content available on their site. The other key variable is the need to develop a more secure format against the piracy. This can be achieved only with a concerted effort among the record labels, dist ribution outlets such as Napster and software. Creating an appealing pay service will be a steep hurdle, particularly with the fact that the users have got accustomed to the free service and the presence of competitors who can provide the same service free. In addition, the sentiment that they have been charged excessively by the music industry is prevalent among the consumers and needs effort from all sides to correct this problem. Napster has sown the seeds of a digital revolution where the consumers have become tired of the traditional distribution model and have started expecting more. But it’s hard to deny the compelling advantages provided by these new technologies. As technology advances across the board and online digital delivery slowly replaces CD sales, these issues will become more and more pressing for the major labels. Napster needs to make recording companies realize a vision of a digital future. Recognizing and planning for future market needs now will allow these major labels or anyone else who responds well to these market needs to survive as the future of the music industry.

Book Report #2 Essays

Book Report #2 Essays Book Report #2 Essay Book Report #2 Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Course: Book Report #2 Bill Crow is a renowned American jazz bassist and author. He wrote the book Jazz anecdotes: a second time around which is a compilation of the stories that jazz musicians have been sharing over the years. The stories have been passed on from jazz player to jazz player as a form of tradition. They are normally about the experiences that the players have got from years of playing jazz. It is an insight into what the jazz world entails. From page to page, there are memorable stories about different jazz artists that act as a learning forum for other artists to sharpen their skills. Crow was able to get the stories from a wide variety of sources. He interviewed people, read biographies and mostly depended on oral stories that he had been told during career. The book has touched on a number of topics that are pertinent to any musician. It has talked about the importance of a good nickname, teaching and learning, prejudice and discrimination and life on the road. These topics are all very significant as they act as a learning point for any musician. A good nickname is crucial as it helps a musician curve a niche for him or her in the industry. A catchy nickname will always be remembered by the fans. The teaching and learning aspect teach musicians things that they would never have known. They can be viewed as trade secrets as they help musicians identify with one another. For instance, it teaches musicians to be careful when signing contracts so that they do not find themselves trapped in unfair contracts. Pride and prejudice covers issues that help musicians know what to expect from the audience. It prepares them for different scenarios in the industry. It shows them that you can never please everyone, so they should not expect that ever yone would love their music. He talks about how there is racial prejudice in America especially in the South (Crow, 148). The book is good as through it, different angles of the music world are explored, particularly jazz music. One is taught in a unique way about music. The author has employed a contemporary way of imparting knowledge to fellow musicians. The book is funny and at the same time inspiring. It has given a voice to many musicians. It has provided an avenue for the musicians to impart knowledge to young and upcoming artists. It helps one to understand the different jazz artists and their unique styles. It can help a musician discover new things about themselves through what they read about other musicians that have gone through similar challenges. Jazz anecdotes: a second time around, is a great book that every musician should read regardless of the genre they are pursuing. I learned a lot that has helped me improve myself. I liked that the author was versatile and used a unique way of writing. I loved the stories as they were humorous and I felt like they identified with me as a young person trying to find myself. It showed me that for an artist to achieve success, they need patience. One does not wake up and be successful. They usually have to struggle, but once they make it on top they feel that it is worth every challenge. Bill Crow is an extremely talented person and not only as a musician, but also an author. Since artists are different, the book will have different impacts on them. This book helped me discover a lot about myself and showed me that everyone goes through similar challenges. Work Cited: Crow, Bill. Jazz Anecdotes: Second Time Around. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Event Risk Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Event Risk Research Paper - Essay Example This multinational event can help to determine not only basic risk management needs for events, but also provides insight into the specialized problems and risks that come with sporting events that are held at a multinational level. Defining risk management for different events is one that is essential for the success of any event. The first aspect of this is known as quantitative risk management, which is understood by how much risk is at a specific event, as well as how different organizations should respond to this. Measuring the amount of risk through political and sociological concepts can provide a broader understanding of the preparation that needs to take place as well as how one can respond to this. Models that are known to assist with the risk management are able to create thresholds, which defines how much an organization needs to prepare without moving over the needed components of the models. The mixture of security measures that are taken are then able to create a better understanding of what is needed with the event to create an elimination of potential risks (McNeil et al, 7, 2005). To effectively reach the quantitative analysis of an event is the need to understand the various factors that create risk. For instance, if the event includes a multinational component, then this will need to be a part of the risk management process. By doing this, there will be the ability to create a strategic model that will affect the way that the event is approached. The risks will then define the event through the organizing committee, stakeholders of an event and the individuals that are participating in the event either as athletes or as audience members. Creating best practices that are a part of an event and making sure that safety, security and avoidance are a part of the risk management can help to create a different response from those that are

Civilization history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Civilization history - Essay Example How would her rule be different in the modern world? The term ‘absolutism’ indicates the absolute monarchical power enjoyed by the rulers during the 17th and 18th century. The main features of absolutism are the ending of feudal partitioning, consolidation of power with the monarch, increase in state power, unification of state laws, and a fall in the influence of Church and nobles on the rulers. Moreover, absolutism is marked by the existence of ideologies that justified the absolute power of monarchs. On the other hand, ‘constitutionalism’ refers to the principle that the government derives its power from the people; and hence, is limited by a body of fundamental laws. So, constitutionalism argues that government is not free to do anything as its power is limited. Instead, it is bound to follow the rules and procedures which are set out in the constitutional law of the community. According to Birn, one can say that while absolutism is based on the concept of the absolute power of the ruler, constitutionalis m believes in the balance of power between government power and the rights of people1. Absolutism in Europe tried to ensure order by developing both philosophical and secular ideologies that support the absolute power of the monarch. Some examples are the divine right theory of Bishop Jacques Bossuet (1627-1704) and the Leviathan from Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679). The rulers took all the decisions in absolutism and all the decisions came from the ruler. Also, the ruler ensured control over religion and economy. Another important feature was the clear class distinctions. On the other hand, the methods adopted by constitutionalism were entirely different. As constitutionalism took birth, it replaced the absolute power policy by a rule by law. In addition, the concept of social contract arose as the very basis of government. Thus, the rules developed are the rules that are

English 101 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

English 101 - Essay Example This essay disagrees that being optimistic is a sham and it will support its position by defining PT and PP and discussing their differences. As a branch of psychology, PP employs effective intervention and empirical understanding towards the achievement of happiness and satisfaction in life as opposed to simply treating mental illness. On the other hand, PT is a mental attitude founded on processes that create and convert the energy of thoughts into reality and drive individuals to expect favorable results. As seen from the video The Secret, this is the first step of understanding that the PT approach to happiness is not a scam. Further, although Ehrenreich (5) criticizes the concept of positive thinking, she also agrees that the practice of thinking in a positive way may not affect the physical world directly but negative thoughts will produce negative outcomes. On their part, positive thoughts such as confidence, contentment and gratitude will impact positively on health with the potential of lengthening lives (Ehrenreich 5). The Secret shows that through the law of attraction, people are able to attract to themselves whatever they think of and want to achieve. Agreeably, a thought in itself will not deliver a happy or successful life to the person thinking. However, it is equally critical to understand that that thought places an individual in the right state of mind to work towards what they want to achieve in life. In an attempt to show the limitations of the relationship between PT and happiness, PP has also shown that, for example, people who work in suits and those in higher socioeconomic classes are not necessarily happy (Halpern 25). In fact, studies conducted by proponents of PP have also found happy people among those belonging to much lower socioeconomic classes and the marginalized (Seligman 83). From this perspective, PT differs from PP because proponents of PT explain that seemingly successful members of

Best Practice Coaching in Modern Sporting

Best Practice Coaching in Modern Sporting Contents (Jump to) Introduction Principles and best practice in coaching The effectiveness of different styles of coaching in different contexts How models of coaching can help practitioners Conclusion References Introduction Sport, as a physical education concept, is governed exclusively by principles, rules and regulations. More than any other form of education, ethics dominate the culture of sport. Indeed, in an era dominated by the breakdown of rules and regulations and the increasing emphasis upon the needs of the individual over the collective, sport can in some ways be seen as the last bastion of the team ethic, helping to infuse in people a sense of belonging and of togetherness. For this reason, the ideal of best practice is a highly important contemporary topic one whose measure can be meted out in the fact tat the business community in the twenty first century is looking with increasing respect at the achievement of high‑achieving sports coaches such as Sir Alec Ferguson in order to create a model for success within their own corporate teams. The following essay seeks to look at the ways in which these principles pertaining to best practice can best be applied in a variety of modern spor ting contexts. Principles and best practice in coaching The ideal of sport has changed markedly in the past fifteen to twenty years (Polley, 1998)[1]. What was once seen as leisure and/or a recreational activity is now viewed primarily as a vehicle through which one can instigate deep-seated cultural and societal change. This is especially true in the UK which has a particularly insipid connection to sport with a variety of games considered endemic in British society; indeed, many of the most popular sports in the world were played first in Britain and their governing bodies still reside within British state borders. As a result, as Dawn Penney (2000:59) declares, sport, society and equity are interlinked to a degree that has only very recently been acknowledged by academic, specifically sociological, study. â€Å"Physical education and sport are part of our social and cultural worlds. The relationship is dynamic, with the policies and practices of physical education reflecting, but also clearly shaping (reproducing and/or challenging), the values and interests of broader society.†[2] It is for this reason that the concept of ‘best practice’ has attained a new level of significance in recent years relating specifically to the adoption of the finest possible academic, psychological and ethical procedures especially with regards to children and young people so as to prepare them mentally and physically for the multiple demands of adult life whether this be in a sporting or non‑sporting context. ‘Best practice’ utilises research conducted primarily between the years 1950 to 1980 with the implementation of these strategies taking place over the past thirty years. It is a wholly recent phenomenon and, as such, is lacking in some areas of research compared to other fields of sociological study. However, in the twenty first century the amount of attention devoted to the subject is likely to increase with the dual spectre of globalisation and commercialisation making sports a highly lucrative hub of activity. The principles governing the concept of ‘best practice’ are centred upon the twin aims of forging a common sense of unity and teamwork within a group of players and at the same time to nurture individual skill and flair on a one-to-one basis so that the more gifted players’ skills are honed without neglecting the primacy of the team as the over-riding ethos of ‘best practice’. This essential dualism which resides at the epicentre of ‘best practice’ coaching concepts is inherently affected by the evolution of sports players as they grow up. For instance, young players (aged six to ten years old) are much more inclined to gravitate towards the individual element of sports and competition with the group dynamic coming at a later age (developing primarily between the ages of twelve and sixteen). For this reason, there is no ‘best way’ to ‘best practice’; no right or wrong. Rather, there is a great exchange of fluidit y between concepts, principles and practices that should be implemented on an individual basis. This is as true of coaching adults (clients) as it is of coaching youngsters where Jennifer Rogers (2007:7-10)[3] has outlined six core principles that ‘define’ the role of the coach in the modern era. These are: The client is resourceful (the coach’s sole aim is to work with the client to achieve all of their potential – as defined by the client). The coach’s role is to spring loose the client’s resourcefulness. Coaching addressing the whole person: past, present and future. The client sets the agenda. The coach and the client are equals. Coaching is about change and action. The common denominator outlined by Rogers is that coaching is always triggered by change – be it a change in age, in circumstance, in style or technique. Furthermore, because change is the currency in which the coach does business, there is bound to be wildly fluctuating styles of coaching that fit wildly different social and cultural contexts and it is towards these different styles and contexts that attention must now be turned. The effectiveness of different styles of coaching in different contexts It has been shown that the evolution of young people greatly affects the implementation of coaching methods pertaining to the precarious balance between coaching the individual and the group dynamic. This is necessarily dependent on the kind of sport being coached: team sports such as football require a dedication to the team ethic while sports such as tennis and golf stress the individual element of competition. Sports such as cricket combine the team ethic with a heavy emphasis upon individual ability, certainly with regards to batting, which is a very solitary skill that requires intensive levels of concentration and individualism (Palmer, 1999)[4]. Thus, in the first instance, effective coaching requires the practitioner to tailor his or her coaching style to the sport in question and then to further tailor these coaching techniques to the age group of the team or individual being coached. This inherent diversity in coaching styles is also true of the economic context of coaching adults. Certain sports require greater levels of economic participation than others. Golf, for example, is an expensive sport that demands that the participant is well funded so as to purchase the necessary equipment such as clubs, bags, clothing and, most importantly, membership to a golf club. The same can be said of tennis and cricket where the equipment is a vital part of the ultimate success or failure of the technique of the client in question. Economic context is also important with regards to the psychological element of coaching with the social, cultural and political problems of urban poverty playing an important part in the types of coaching techniques which are likely to yield the best results from any given demographic. There can be no doubt that a coaching style employed for a group of middle class practitioners with free access to capital, time and resources is going to be marke dly different from the kind of coaching style deployed for children and adults who do not have access to the same luxuries and who therefore are going to respond to different coaching techniques. Economic context, demographic context and age context are further compounded by the increasingly common problem of multiculturalism and, specifically, globalisation, which has obvious consequences for teachers, mentors and coaches operating at all levels of society throughout the UK. When one thinks, for instance, of the impact of language upon coaching (relaying tactics, pointing out areas of strength and weakness, and, most significantly, attempting to instil a team ethic) one can see the extent to which the role of the coach is inexorably intertwined with the fate of mass movement of peoples across the planet in the twenty first century. As Jones (1997:27) declares, â€Å"there is no more important task within the wider coaching process than that of communication.†[5] Bains and Patel (1994) have long pointed out the blatant under‑representation of Asians playing professional football in England despite some areas in the Midlands and the North-West of England having u rban areas with a higher than 50% ratio of ethnic communities. â€Å"Recent Sport England national statistics confirmed that people of South Asian origin have markedly lower participation rates than other minorities or the indigenous population.† (Collins, 2003:75)[6] This anomaly with regards to the high numbers of Asians living in modern Britain and the disproportionately small number of Asians playing football, it has been argued, is due to coaches indulging in outmoded stereotyping when it comes to coaching players from the Asian community. Asians are still seen as primarily academic achievers over sports players and where they are perceived as sports players they are still pigeon‑holed in typical Asian images of cricket players; rarely are they ever seen as potential professional footballers. Likewise black players are still seen as primarily quick, powerful players; rarely, the tactical brains or the spiritual heartbeat of the side. This cultural element to sports coaching is exacerbated by the historical gender divide between males and females in a sporting context. Here, just as with ethnic people, stereotypes remain the dominant coaching paradigm. Girls and women are expected to play traditionally female sports such as netball, hockey, lacrosse, swimming and tennis. This, however, is in direct opposition to the growing numbers of women playing traditionally male‑dominated sports such as rugby, cricket and football with the latter in particular experiencing a veritable boom in female interest since the beginning of the 1990s. â€Å"A generation ago, sport was a core, patriarchal institution in a larger, contested gender order. Now, with the dramatic growth of girls’ and women’s athletics participation, sport no longer simply or unambiguously plays this reactionary role in gender relations. Sport is now more internally contested.† (2002 introduction xxii)[7] It is, in the final analysis, up to the sports coach to take each of these mitigating factors and contexts into account so that the practitioner is able to coach skills and techniques that are relevant to the contemporary era as opposed to perpetuating anachronistic stereotypes that do little to advance civilised society in both a sporting and non‑sporting context. How models of coaching can help practitioners Studying different models of coaching represents the scientific element of sports mentoring whereby the student and practitioner can attempt to explain the essence and purpose of coaching via the development of models (Fairs, 1987:17-19)[8]. It can be separated into two distinct camps: the ‘of’ coaching camp and the ‘for’ coaching camp. Models ‘of’ coaching are based upon empirical research investigating best practice while the ‘for’ coaching models are idealistic representations that arise from attempts to identify a concrete set of assumptions about the coaching process. The majority of practitioners tend to employ a symbiosis of the two models incorporating an ‘of’ and ‘for’ model of best practice. In this way, empirical data can be used in a realistic setting that takes into account the age, skills and other contexts that affect the coaching process. However, these two models of coaching underline the e xtent to which academia and intellectual analysis has come to dominate the empirical study of sports performance when in fact the first hand experience of established practitioners ought to form the basis of all models of coaching sports. The difference, essentially, comes down to one of theory and practice with the concept of ‘expertise’ necessarily clouded by the arguments of the academics and the professionals respectively. Once again, though, the individual element of the coaching process must be highlighted so as to reflect the inherent complexity that takes place within the field of sports with vastly differing levels of skill and ability being matched by the vastly different psychological reactions to slumps in form and technique. It is, ultimately, up to the national governing sports bodies to ensure that the primacy of holistic coaching practice does not become relegated at the expense of literature, theory and academia (Lyle, 1999:1-24).[9] For this reason, organisations such as Sport England have been established by the central government in a bid to impose a centralise model for sports development on regionalised sports bodies so as to directly influence and aid practitioners. The primary model deployed by Sport England is the â€Å"traditional sports development continuum† – a pyramid which locates foundation as the core, base value followed in hierarchical terms by participation, performance and, finally, excellence (Bramhan et al, 1999:3). This generic model is dovetailed by more advanced models for practitioners to use with athletes at a professional or elite stage in their sports. As is so often the case it is the Australians who represent the pinnacle of academic research into the coaching process with the revolutionary ‘Old Way, New Way’ technique correction model offering an intensive ‘one session’ approach to the problem of proven performers suffering seemingly inexplicable dips in form and technique with the case of Australian fast bowler Jason Gillespie standing tall as the most prominent example of therapeutic success achieved via sports practitioners embracing new means of solving old problems. ‘Old Way, New Way’ is consequently a manifestation of the much sought after collaboration between academic researchers and sports practitioners which works on a psychological as well as a physical level in a bid to continue the sportsperson’s quest for skill development and continuous technical improvement. Conclusion There has never been so much research dedicated towards the practice of sports, sports psychology and best practice in sports coaching the likes of which has been witnessed in the past decade. This has served to help to transport sport from a marginalised recreational activity to a mainstream study of human behaviour and psychical endurance. Furthermore, bearing in mind the increased proliferation of televised sports across the global media apparatus, the vastly increased participation of women in sports in the contemporary era and the shift in focus at a governmental level towards much improved health and physical exercise resources, this level of research is only likely to be elevated in the years and decades to come. Thus, ultimately, the models, contexts and best practices outlined herein require constant updating so as to keep up with the unprecedented rate of change taking place within the global sports coaching community. References Bramhan, P., Hylton, K., Jackson, D. and Nesti, M. (1999) Introduction, in, Bramhan, P., Hylton, K., Jackson, D. and Nesti, M (Eds.) Sport Development: Policy, Process and Practice London and New York: Routledge Collins, M.F. (2003), Social Exclusion from Sport and Leisure, quoted in, Houlihan, B. (Ed.) Sport and Society: a Student Introduction London: SAGE Fairs, J. (1987) The Coaching Process: The Essence of Coaching, in, Sports Coach Journal, Volume 11, Number 1 Jones, R.L. (1997) Effective Instructional Coaching Behaviour: A Review of Literature, in, International Journal of Physical Education, Volume, 24, Number 1 Lyle, J.W.B. (1999) The Coaching Process: Principles and Practice, in, Cross, N. and Lyle, J.W.B. (Eds.) The Coaching Process: Principles and Practice for Sport Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Messner, M.A. (2002), Taking the Field: Women, Men and Sports Minneapolis and  London: University of Minnesota Press Palmer, G.V. (1999) Cricket Coachmaster: Batting Mechanics London: Gary Palmer Penney, D. (2000) Physical Education: In what and who’s Interests? , in, Jones, R.L. and Armour, K.M. (Eds.) Sociology of Sport: Theory and Practice London and New York: Longman Polley, M. (1998) Moving the Goalposts: A History of Sport and Society since 1945 London and New York: Routledge Rogers, J. (2007) Coaching Skills Buckingham: Open University Press 1 Footnotes [1] Polley, M. (1998) Moving the Goalposts: A History of Sport and Society since 1945 London and New York: Routledge [2] Penney, D. (2000) Physical Education: In what and who’s Interests? , in, Jones, R.L. and Armour, K.M. (Eds.) Sociology of Sport: Theory and Practice London and New York: Longman [3] Rogers, J. (2007) Coaching Skills Buckingham: Open University Press [4] Palmer, G.V. (1999) Cricket Coachmaster: Batting Mechanics London: Gary Palmer [5] Jones, R.L. (1997) Effective Instructional Coaching Behaviour: A Review of Literature, in, International Journal of Physical Education, Volume, 24, Number 1 [6] Collins, M.F. (2003), Social Exclusion from Sport and Leisure, quoted in, Houlihan, B. (Ed.) Sport and Society: a Student Introduction London: SAGE [7] Messner, M.A. (2002), Taking the Field: Women, Men and Sports Minneapolis and  London: University of Minnesota Press [8] Fairs, J. (1987) The Coaching Process: The Essence of Coaching, in, Sports Coach Journal, Volume 11, Number 1 [9] Lyle, J.W.B. (1999) The Coaching Process: Principles and Practice, in, Cross, N. and Lyle, J.W.B. (Eds.) The Coaching Process: Principles and Practice for Sport Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann

Boston Beerâ€Is Greater Growth Possible? Essay

1. Have you ever tried one of the Boston Beer brews? If so, how did you like the taste? Was it worth the higher price? I haven’t tried any one of the Boston Beer brews, so I’m not sure whether I will like its taste. I searched the key word â€Å"the Boston Beer† on the Internet, I found that there are three distinct characteristics of this brand’s beers: strong-flavor, unique package and high prices. Although a lot of beer aficionados will pay for the high price, as an ordinary beer customer, I don’t think it deserve the higher price. I have two reasons: Firstly, it is difficult for ordinary beer customers to distinguish which kind of beer have a good quality and which kind of beer haven’t. Not to mention, which brewery use premium ingredients to brew their beer. In most of time, we choose to buy a brand of beer just because its advertisement successfully leave its name in our mind or the recommendation from our friends. On the other hand, we usually drink beer with our friends at home party. So our main objective is to have fun not enjoy tasting high-quality beers. Also, its unique package does not make sense to us. No one will collect them, so the simpler the better. We don’t want to pay the bill for its beautiful package. To pay the same money, we prefer to have more quantity to ensure everyone can have enough beer than ensure everyone can have high-quality beer. On this point, the Boston Beer will lose a big part of beer customers because of its high-price strategy. In summary, the Boston Beer products do not deserve such a high price because their value in quality and package can’t be recognized by the general public. 2. The investment community evidently thought Boston Beer had great growth potential to have bid up the initial price so quickly. Why do you suppose so many fell into this trap? Or was Jim Koch a poor executive in not bringing Boston Beer up to their expectations? So many people fell into this trap because they overestimated the potential for development of the Boston Beer. But in the fact, Boston Beer’s potential is limited. That the growth potential is sorely limited due to two factors: a. Ease of entry into the industry, which encourages a host of competitors. This turned out to be especially true with the influx of microbrewers, to 3,000 in just a few years. b. Finite potential in demand. Demand for specialty beer, while at  first robust and rising, was certainly not going to take over the mainstream beer market. Given the rush to microbreweries in an environment of limited demand, the aspirations of Jim Koch to be a dominant force in the brewing industry had to be curbe d. He could still be a profitable firm and do well in his niche, but he would never be a challenge beyond that. Perhaps that is enough for most entrepreneurs. But this is far unable to meet the high expectations of the people of Boston Beer. On the contrary, Jim Koch is a really good market executive. He used excellent marketing strategy when Boston Beer announced its initial public stock offering (IPO) of shares. â€Å"The company put clip-and-mail coupons on Samuel Adams six-packs and other beer packages. These offered customers a chance to buy 33 shares of stock at a maximum price of $15, or $495 total.† In marketing, promotion is always a good way for the company to raise sales. Similarly, the Boston Beer use this way to arouse wide public concern, and give the customers the illusion of buying is earning. â€Å"Only one subscription was allowed per customer,and these were honored on a first-come, first-served basis.† People always curious for those limited things, for fear of miss it even in one-second hesitation. By seizing this customers’ psychology, the first-come, first-served basis contributed a lot to bidding up Boston Beer’s initial price and caused so many people fell into this trap. Just because this this two marketing promotion tools, the Boston Beer’s stock was oversubscribed within a short period of time. 3. â€Å"The myriad specialty beers are but a fad. People will quickly tire of an expensive, strong-flavored beer. Much of it is just a gimmick.† Discuss. As far as I am concerned, the myriad specialty beers are not just a gimmick, although when too much kind of microbrews appear in the market will make the customer feel difficult to choose any kind of them and sometimes they will feel tired. I want to illustrate them from the following two aspects: a. The microbrews have their own specific market, those who willing to pay for the high price for the strong-flavored or the unique package. For example, a can of Sprite is sold in the supermarket for about 4 dime, but it is sold for 2 dollar in the restaurant with a glass of ice and a slice of lemon. Is a glass of ice and a slice of lemon value 1.6 dollar? Without a doubt, the answer is no. Why will so many people pay for it? Because it is convenient. Everything has its own market has the reason to exist. b. No matter the other microbrew is just a gimmick, the Boston Beer is not. To a certain extent, its high level represents its high quality. Samuel Adams was not only voted the Best Beer in America four times at the annual Great American Beer Festival, but also received six gold medals in blind tastings. Skimming away its price, just concern the quality, this is enough to explain the Boston Beer has the high quality. Because of its high quality, Boston Beer still keep the leading position and continue to profit in the fierce industry competition. 4. What problems do you see retailers facing with the burgeoning number of different beers today? What might be the implications of this? Nowadays, a number of various beer brands suddenly appear on the horizon so that the competitive grow. Retailers are looking for marketing support and Boston Beer has the best quality and marketing. Lots of the non-traditional beers are still lacking the commercial support from the breweries where they come from and are left to retailers for a smaller group of consumers that may know about them or are curious for new options coming from places with microbrewery tradition like Portland, Colorado, etc. To be successful, retailers must do more deep researches to find out consumers needs and meet consumers’ expectation. In addition, retailers have to consider how many beer brands they would like to sell and which kinds of beers are popular in general market. Our suggestion is that retailers must focus on selling several kinds of beers instead of selling all kinds of beers. Maybe retailers think that if they can sell all kind of beers to expand the market but it will result in an increase in the logistic cost and a decrease in the quantity. To develop the market, retailers need to use efficient marketing method to promote their products. For example, retailers can provide the discount for consumers once two or three months and combine beers and other goods to sell because consumers always want to save some coin and get the same product with cheaper price. 5. Playing the devil’s advocate (one who takes an opposing view for the sake of argument prices in the world for your beer. The manufactures cost might be the same as traditional beers as quality doesn’t necessarily translates  to higher costs. And it’s been seen in several other commercial cases that sometimes the higher price in a product is just a socio-economical status differentiator which makes the consumer that can afford it feel special even when the real support of quality is not completely proven or being tasted. In addition, setting the price is an important step before developing the product into the market because the price is one of factors, which will effect how many consumers will buy it. If the price is too high, some of consumers can’t afford to buy it. Maybe they are willing to try or use the product but they don’t have enough money to re-buy. Therefore, consumers have many choices because there are a lot of substitute products in the market. In the other words, the high price may decrease the selling and increase the risks in the ownership of inventory, which will become obsoleted or out of fresh. In general aspect, the luxury product is equal to the social status. If the price is too high to afford, it will downsize of the potential market. Even thought you employ the best strategy to promote the product, it doesn’t increase in quantity and increase the profit. In addition, not everyone are good at distinguish the differentiation between Boston Beer and other beers so that they won’t insist to buy the beer with higher price. For example, Mary wants to hold a birthday party and invite the whole freshman to participate. So she has to buy a lot of food, beverage and beers. Because of limited budget, she can’t afford the high price of beer even though the tasty is good. 6. We saw the detection of a problem with the freshness of a beer at a restaurant by Jim Koch himself. How can Boston Beer prevent such incidents from happening again? Can such distributor negligence or shortsighted actions be totally prevented by Boston Beer? In products that maintain a higher price based on quality that quality control investment on the product should go all the way to the retailers. There are several ways that Jim Koch can prevent the bad quality. First, Jim Koch must re-check every step from manufacture to package. The most important part is container because beer is a kind of sensitive product, which needs to store carefully. Secondly, Boston Beer needs to build up a strong relationship with their retailers and distributors. A good partnership also can prevent the same problem happen again because Boston Beer and their retailers or distributors understand  that they are a team, which share the same goals, reputation, and benefits. Thirdly, if retailers don’t know how to store those beers in warehouse or keep the beers in fresh, Jim Koch must send some professional employees or salespeople to educate those retailers and teach them how to keep the beer in fresh. Finally, Jim Koch has to evaluate or visit retailers regularly. The methods above are very useful to avoid the bad quality problem happen again. 7. Do you think Boston Beer can continue to compete effectively against the giant brewers who are moving with their infinitely greater resources into the specialty beer market with their own microbrews? Why or why not? In our group opinion, Boston Beer can continue to compete effectively against the giant brewers who are moving with their infinitely greater resources into the specialty beer market with their own microbrews. There are three reasons to explain it. First, Boston beer has built up a good brand image. When other giant brewers into the specialty beer market with their microbrews, Boston beer has been develop their microbrews a long time. It means the brand of Boston beer has been recognized as one of the industry’s most famous microbrews. It already has relative stable customer group. The second reason is high quality and flavor of beer. Jim Koch gets a recipe from his great-great-grandfather, Louis Koch. This recipe is more full-bodied than such beers as Budweiser or Miller. Jim Koch also uses best material and longer time in Boston beer so that the quality and flavor is better than other brands of beer. Because the cost of Boston beer is expensive, the sale price must expensive than other beers. In many people’s mind, high price means high quality. People cannot buy expensive car but everyone can buy an expensive beer. When people taste Boston beer, they will be attracted by its quality and flavor. Although the price of Boston beer is higher than giant brewers, it has attracting some relative stable customer groups though the high quality and flavor of Boston beer. This is offer benefits for Boston beer continued growth. Boston Beer can keep a sales force and relative to competitors so that it can provide a higher level of quality service than the larger mass brewers. Consequently, Boston beer has more compe titive edge by their quality product and sale service quality in the beer market. The last reason is Boston beer has a good operation principle. Initial period,  Boston beer didn’t have enough money, so it made contracts with other brewery: use Jim Koch’s recipe to produce beer. Boston beer use this way to save the cost of plan and equipment to develop its marketing, such as advertise. If the brewery cannot produce high standards’ beer, they will find another brewery. It not only save money but also ensure the quality and flavor of beer. Therefore, Boston Beer can compete effectively with even the largest beer brand that is moving with their infinitely greater resources into the specialty beer market with their own microbrews. In contrast with giant brewers, Boston Beer has built up its brand in the microbrews market. It still keeps quality and flavor not lower the price and quality. The customers will be used to think Boston Beers first and in this way, the sale force will be strengthened. 8. In 1998, Boston Beer produced more than two dozen styles of beer. Then a few years later it was down to just a few. Now it’s up to more than 21 again. Do you see any problems with this? Our group fined some problems with this question. First, Boston beer wants produce to attract consumer. However, everyone’s taste is different; a single taste of beer can’t satisfy the needs of all customers. So, Boston beer offered more than two dozen styles of beer for consumers’ choices in 1998. This way can attract many customers. But, it also brings a lot of problems. Boston beer must spend more cost in the propaganda of different kinds of beer. When Boston beer company produce a new style of beer, they must do a process of marketing, like marketing research, product development, pricing and advertising, to find potential consumers and affect them to buy the new product. It needs a lot of money but the new products may not meet customer. It takes stress for Boston Beer Company. Anther problem which Boston beer offers more than two dozen styles of beer is Boston beer will lose some consumers. Like in the article, an industry analyst said:† After people got inundated with so many choices . . . they kind of stepped back.† Then a few years later, Boston Beer Company find their market share is small—a market that represented just 3 percent of the U.S. Beer Market. Thus, Boston beer Company was down to a few styles of beer, concentrating only on best sellers: the flagship lager and four seasonal brews. This is a very good strategy decision. Boston Beer through calculate from the data and find out most of the consumers prefer which taste and they can adjust marketing strategy. This decision can reduce a lot of unnecessary spending and ensure  the interests. Meanwhile, Boston Beer Company also ensures the main products market share in all the microbrews market. Although the decision that Boston Beer Company cut their beer styles to just a few cause Boston beer lost some consumer who like other styles of beer, it brings a lot of advancing for the development of the Boston Beer Company in the overall strategy. In recent years, Boston Beer Company has development quickly. Even in all beer industry recession, Boston Beer still maintains good performance. Its beer because of high quality and full-bodied flavor won many awards in the beer game. With development of Boston Beer Company, it has become an able company. Its main products are stability, and the customers’ market share close to saturation in micro brew market. In this case, Boston Beer Company to seek new breakthroughs will produce new products. Now, it’s up to their beer more than 21 types again. But, this decision may cause some problems. First, the demand of microbrews is finite. Too many types of beer choices will divide up the main of Boston beer’s market share. Second, in recent years, microbrew competitors has increased dramatically, Boston beer produce many kinds of beer will distract the attention of the main products, to reduce the main product competitiveness. Third, the introduction of new products in Boston beer is too much at the same time. This is confusing the choices of customers. If Boston beer introduces only three or four styles new beer, consumer can choose one or more than one styles beer to taste. However, Boston beer introduces 21 styles beer, consumer don’t know which one is better and most consumers can’t buy all these new styles beer because the price of Boston beer is expensive. The last problem of this decision is high risk. Every new product into market must have risk and the introduction of new products need a lot of cost.. Boston Beer Company should introduce a few styles beer one time so that we can know the customers to the new product satisfaction as well as the desire to buy. If customers are satisfied with the new products, Boston Beer Company will continue to launch other new products; If customers are not satisfied, the company can find the reasons of customers are not satisfied, and then eliminate these problems put other new products. When Boston Beer Company launches it’s all the new products at short time, the cos t of this way and risk will higher than only introduce a few styles beer. Therefore, in different period Boston Beer Company increase or decrease the types of beer will cause some benefits but  also brings a lot of harm for its development.

Humanitarian Intervention Essay

The United Nations is an international organization that fights for world peace, and strives to control international law, international security, economic development, social progress, and human rights. In the United Nation’s preamble, it states the organization is â€Å"determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"†¦to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.† However, the U.N. can often be ineffective and it has been an ongoing debate between the world’s leaders whether or not intervention is justified when inhumane acts are committed in foreign lands. Too many human beings have been victims of violence, rape and/or other crimes on the U.N.’s watch all because the organization is not authorized to forcefully intervene in another country. The United Nations Security Council is responsible for preserving peace between nations and even within nations, and when a nation is com mitting atrocious acts against its citizens, the U.N. and other nations should have the right to intervene militarily to end those abuses. Just as if a teenager would take on the responsibilities of providing a home and food for themselves when they move out, a country assumes the responsibility of taking care of its citizens when it becomes independent. When a country proves to the outside world it is not capable of controlling its citizens and maintaining a peaceful nation, blue helmeted U.N. troops may invade these unstable regions. It would be inhumane for the U.N., any country, or any human to witness a population suffering and not try to interfere in some way. To look the other way would be immoral and an inhumane act of itself. When trying to obtain peace in foreign countries, peaceful negotiations are not always successful and other means are necessary. In the past, the U.N. has not been able to aid suffering populations militarily and has failed to protect the citizens from vicious crimes. In a survey taken by the U.N. in 2007, â€Å"which covered a total of 14 countries, plus the Palestinian Territories, [it] found that solid majorities in each of 12 national pools believe that the U.N. Security Council should have the right to authorize the use of military force to protect innocent people from genocide and other massive abuses, even against the will of their own government† (Lobe). Even with the support of the majority of world, the U.N. still does not have the authority to forcefully protect innocent people from cruelty. When tens of thousands of people were being killed in Darfur, and Rwanda, it was the U.N.’s responsibility to step in and save the lives of those living in a country at an unfortunate time. However, by following their rules of procedure, the U.N. troops were not allowed to use force unless fired upon. Since 2003, â€Å"tens of thousands of people have being killed and over one million people displaced† in Darfur and in 1994, Hutus killed an estimated 800,000 Tutsis in Rwanda (Spectators to Genocide). â€Å"As a result of the massacre [in Rwanda], there are more than one million orphans† (Rust). But when the blue helmeted troops entered the Rwandan chaos, there was not much they could do to stop the genocides that were taking place right before their eyes. It took the United Nations three years after the United States declared the events taking place in Darfur as genocide to interfere, and even still the U.N. has done nothing beneficial to help those suffering in Darfur. Unable to seize weapons, the blue helmets stand by powerless. Had the United Nations involved itself earlier in Rwanda and Darfur and at full force, millions of people’s lives could have been saved or bettered. If the U.N. involved itself militarily, it is possible that the U.N. may have a few casualties, but the United States Army has lost a good number of soldiers over the years while fighting for causes they believe in. Sometimes sacrifices need to be made, and if a few members of the U.N. were lost in effort to protect the lives of thousands of people and potentially save a population, it would be an admirable sacrifice. It should be the world’s responsibility to defend civilians when its government is guilty of neglecting to â€Å"protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity† (Reeves). Had the United Nations acted quicker when the Hutus began killing the Tutsis, and put an end to the vicious attacks that took place during those days, future genocides could have possibly been prevented. Instead, the word genocide can be heard more frequently and little is being done to stop that. Thousands of lives could have been saved or altered had the United Nations been able to step in and militarily defend the helpless populations of Rwanda and Darfur. Justification of humanitarian intervention is essential in order to protect the lives and rights of those suffering from genocide. The U.N. should want a reputation of not allowing genocides to take place, but instead the organization is being criticized for the lack of effort and aid being lent to those countries in need. Over the years, too many lives have been lost or damaged due to genocide and other inhumane acts. Humanitarian intervention needs to be allowed when a country is not protecting its citizens, in effort to save the lives of populations. The United Nations’ ineffectiveness in the past should be enough of a reason for why humanitarian intervention should be justified. It is imperative that the United Nations be entitled to militarily involve itself when innocent lives are in danger. Works Cited â€Å"Charter of the United Nations: Preamble.† Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World. Web. 03 Nov. 2010. . Jim Lobe. â€Å"U.N.: POLL SHOWS BROAD SUPPORT FOR U.N. ACTION AGAINST GENOCIDE. † Global Information Network 6 April 2007 Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 3 Nov. 2010. Reeves, E. â€Å"Failure to Protect: International Response to Darfur Genocide. † Harvard International Review 29.4 (2008): 84-85. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 3 Nov. 2010. Rust, Selina. â€Å"RWANDA: REMEMBERING THE UNFORGETTABLE. † Global Information Network 9 April 2010 Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. â€Å"Spectators to Genocide. † Wall Street Journal 2 Aug. 2007, Eastern edition: National Newspaper Abstracts (3), ProQuest. Web. 3 Nov. 2010.

75 Vocabulary Words for Talking About Sports in Italian

75 Vocabulary Words for Talking About Sports in Italian When you think about sports in Italy, the first one that comes to mind is probably the infamous calcio, or soccer. And if you have spent any length of time obsessing about Italian culture or in Ital (or both)  team names like Juventus and Gli Azzurri will come to mind. But beyond calcio, there are many popular sports played in Italy, and if you want to be able to talk about the sports that you practice (or practiced in those golden years of yours), here are 75 phrases to throw around in your Italian conversations. 75 Vocabulary Words for Talking About Sports in Italian L’atletica - Athletics Athletics is a more generic field that covers things like: La corsa - RunningLa corsa campestre - Cross-countryIl footing - JoggingLa marcia - Foot raceIl salto in alto - High jumpIl salto in lungo - Long jump Faccio corso campestre. - I run cross-country. Facco la marcia perchà © à ¨ meno dannoso per il corpo rispetto alla corsa. - I do foot races because it’s less harmful for the body compared to running. Il baseball - Baseball While baseball isn’t hugely popular in Italy, it is presentwith roots dating back to World War IIand there are leagues and a championship called Lo Scudetto. Here are five vocabulary words you might find interesting: Il fuoricampo - HomerunIl guanto - MittIl lanciatore - PitcherLa mazza - BatLa prima/seconda/terza base - First/second/third base L’hai visto!? Ho battuto un fuoricampo! - Did you see it? I hit a homerun! Quando avevo 9 anni, facevo il lanciatore. - When I was 9 years old, I was the pitcher. For more vocabulary words and phrases related to baseball, check out this article. Il ciclismo  - Cycling The Giro d’Italia (also simply called Il Giro) happens every summer and is ranked as one of the top three cycling events in Europe. Here are five vocabulary words you might find interesting: La bicicletta (la bici) - Bicycle (bike)Il ciclismo su pista - Track cyclingIl ciclismo su strada - Road cyclingIl mountain biking - Mountain bikingLa sella - Bike seatLa borraccia - Water bottle Voglio iniziare a fare ciclismo, ma non riesco a trovare la bici giusta! - I want to start cycling, but I can’t find the right bike! Preferisci le mountain bike, le BMX, oppure il ciclismo su strada? - Do you prefer mountain biking, BMX, or road cycling? Il calcio - Soccer Even if you’re not a big sports fan, attending a calcio game in Italy is a cultural must, so when you do that, here are a handful of words that may be useful to you. I calciatori - Soccer playersI tifosi - FansLa partita - MatchIl portiere - GoalieL’arbitro - refereeLa curva - Part of the stadium where the ultra (hooligans) fans prefer to buy ticketsSegnare un gol - To score a goal Il calcio à ¨ lo sport piu praticato e pià ¹ seguito in tutta Italia. - Calcio is the most practiced and followed sport in all of Italy. Il numero di calciatori variano di squadra in squadra, ma sicuramente sono pià ¹ di undici. - The number of players vary from team to team, but there are definitely more than eleven.   You may also hear about a game called calcio storico, or historical football, that dates back to the 16th century. For more information related to il calcio, check out this article. La ginnastica - Gymnastics While the term â€Å"la ginnastica† can be translated to the English understanding of â€Å"gymnastics†, in Italian, it can also be thought of basic exercise and can often be substituted with â€Å"fare sport - to do a sport† or â€Å"andare in palestra - going to the gym.† Here are five vocabulary words you might find interesting: La ginnastica aerobica - Aerobic gymnasticsL’elasticit - FlexibilityLa ginnastica ritmica - Rhythmic gymnasticsLa ginnastica artistica - Artistic gymnasticsLa ginnastica acrobatica - Acrobatic gymnastics Faccio ginnastica, ma non dimagrisco! - I’m exercising, but I’m not losing weight! Hai visto la ginnastica delle Olimpiadi ieri? Gabby Douglas era fantastica!  - Did you see the gymnastics section of the Olympics yesterday? Gabby Douglas was amazing! Il nuoto  - Swimming Here are 5 key vocabulary words: Il costume da bagno - Swimming suitGli occhialini - Swim GogglesLa piscina - PoolNuotare a farfalla - Butterfly stroke swimNuotare a stile libero - Freestyle swim Lo sci - Skiing There are beautiful areas in Italy from the Italian Dolomites in the north to Mount Etna in the south. Here are 5 key vocabulary words: Le bacchette - RodsLa discesa - DescentLa neve - SnowLa pista - TrackGli sci - Skis Vai sulle Dolomiti quest’anno? Io, sà ¬, infatti ho comprato un nuovo paio di sci. - Are you go to the Dolomites this year? I’m going, in fact, I bought a new pair of skis. Mi piace sciare, ma a dire il vero, preferisco fare snowboarding. - I like to ski, but to tell the truth, I prefer to snowboard. Other Sports La danza - DanceIl motociclismo - MotorcyclingLa pallacanestro - BasketballLa pallavolo - VolleyballLa pesca sportiva - Recreational fishingIl tennis - TennisL’equitazione - Horse riding

Raising Minimun Wage Essays

Raising Minimun Wage Essays Raising Minimun Wage Essay Raising Minimun Wage Essay Intro: People of the middle class all know that the minimum wage of $7.25 is not sufficient to maintain a comfortable lifestyle. There is considerable evidence to show that the current generations comfortable lifestyles require a more luxurious price for standard living. The cost of living over the years has dramatically increased due to high consumer demands of products. As that being said, $7.25 is just not enough for a happy lifestyle, food, and the bills. There are many jobs that dislike or just cant afford paying high wages. Therefore, many employers hire less to save money. This causes a non-sufficient pay rate for comfortable living and high unemployment rates.The cabinets full of little to no food and small sized rooms full of multiple beds are what I see. The not so well put together houses in poor communities are full of kids and roommates. Living with cousins, aunts, and uncles are the norm here. We all have to share beds and one bathroom. Dinners are prepared every night as a necessity but other than that breakfast and lunch were to be eaten at school because its hard to afford all that food for everyone at home. The struggles of just being able to pay the bills, buy shoes, and clothes are the issues that are rising in the middle class with the inflation and taxes.Middle class families are defined more by their aspirations than their income.Body:Body 1: (The cost of living over the years has dramatically increased due to high consumer demands of products. )For many families in the middle class thats how life starts out; but later in life generations grow up to realize that they need to become part of the working middle class to provide a sufficient lifestyle. Now a days though, its always about buying the trendiest thing, name brands, and getting a discount for EVERYTHING! Things like that cause for a higher demand of standard living. The social needs [continues]

Security Engineers Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Security Engineers Inc - Research Paper Example On what other jobs in private security that they have held, I was told they were protective services for VIP’s threatened employers, and surveillance. Supplementing of the interviewee experience was the reason he pursued career in private security. I asked what their opinion was, what was the difference between public and private organizations. His answer were, private security do not have much red tape when substandard employees are detected. In government institutions, there are restrictions to terminate employees. Para-military organizational structure was the answer I got after asking what the similarity was between public and private organization in their community. Weapon qualifications, annual in-service classes and eight hours of training were the answer to the minimum qualifications for employment. I asked how the media image of local law enforcement is and he told me that public views the local police agencies as inadequate. I asked him about the name and location, o f employer, which he gave me as Security Engineers, Inc, in Birmingham, Alabama. I asked for his contact numbers and he gave me (205)-251-0566. He had worked for nine years and he had previously been employed at National Guard MP Unit. He did bachelor in criminal justice after asking about his education. He said that opportunities for advancement are average due to limited size of department. Security Engineers, Inc Company is a private security organization, which is in Guard, Detective, and Armored Car Services industry located in Birmingham, Alabama with contracts all over the southern states. Their postal address is; P. O. Box 10231 (35202), Birmingham, AL 35203 (Security Engineers, Inc, 2010). Their fax and telephone number are; Phone: (205) 251-0566, Fax: (205) 251-6827 (Security Engineers, Inc, 2010). Administrative functions like accounting, training, human resource; payroll and central operations in the entire of Birmingham are hosted by the security engineers. They work 24 hours in a day, 7 days in a week and a total of 365 days in a year. The primary difference between public security, for example, the police and private security is that private security does not have much as much red tape when sub-standard employees are detected. On the other hand, government agencies have all kinds of restrictions to terminate employment of substandard employees. However, both public and private security organizations, for example, Security Engineers, Inc, have a Para-military organizational structure. Security Engineers, Inc also combines forces and resources to prevent and combat crime by providing eyewitness information that assists law enforcers to pursue criminal activities, in Alabama. Although the media views the local police department and the sheriff’s department as in adequate in the area, not much media attention is given to Security Engineers, Inc. The company’s mission is to bring forth quality uniformed security services to private secu rity industry particularly to the communities they serve (Security Engineers, Inc, 2010). Development of strategic operation centers is very essential in establishing reputation in any security industry. Security Engineers, Inc has strategically operational centre and professional management is practiced in the company, which sets the company aside from competition n the industry. Experience is their strongest element; since their managers are, have a broad collection of experience in military, private security

Mark Twain essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mark Twain essays - Essay Example He starts a newspaper, introduces coins, manufactured bicycles, set up telephone networks, and established power generation plants. He brought the sixth century civilization to the 20th century level in the course of a few years. When the king and the Boss were sold as slaves and were about to be executed, it was a long and picturesque of 500 mailed and belted knights on bicycles that came to the rescue. Finally when the church and the knights were out to destroy the new civilization, the strategy employed was to build a wire fence around, charged with electricity. A knight would come and touch the wire with his sword and he would be dead at once apparently for no reason. Some one else would come and touch his shoulder to ask why he was silent, and he would be killed too! Killed by a dead friend in fact! 25000 brainless knights perished like this, and the Boss and his handful of smart boys won owing to their strategy. David Wilson also had a scientific bent of mind, though of a different kind. He was a scotch national in America to seek his fortunes. He came as a young post graduate in law, though he did not handle cases in courts. It was he who developed the science of finger prints, that wonderful science for the establishment of people’s identity. He was too much of a scientist that ordinary people could not understand him and this resulted in his being nicknamed Pudd’nhead Wilson. It was he who solved the mystery surrounding Tom. Body: Hank introduces various improvements such as the newspaper, telephone net- works, bicycle factories, power generation plants etc. He uses these occasions to create spectacular effects. He is not for using them quietly without publicity or excitement. To use his own words, â€Å"I always use that high style when I am climaxing an effect† ( p. 23) This trait is seen in all his actions. In the course of the dinner at Dowley’s place, he indifferently tosses $4, a huge amount then, on to the

COMAIR Regional Airlines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

COMAIR Regional Airlines - Case Study Example The regional airline COMAIR, a subsidiary of Delta Air Lines, which serves routes in the United States, Canada and Europe is poised to become very competitive and profitable in 2010. COMAIR currently has 5,800 dedicated aviation professionals and services 511 daily flights to about 77 international and domestic destinations. The COMAIR is the preferred airline of choice by most business travellers and frequent travellers as it offers affordable airfares. COMAIR has gone from strength to strength by rapidly rolling out international routes and additional services for the customers. Another important cost factor for regional airlines is the national and local taxes imposed by the US government. Most countries treat airlines like cash cows by levying national prerogatives and taxes on them that results in higher costs of doing business. Another positive trend is that inspite of the US recession, the regional airlines do offer the safest form of transportation. Although US airlines carry 3.5 million passengers annually, the accident rate is very low compared to the accident rates of motor vehicles and maritime vessels. Another interesting and positive development is that air travel has improved its safety record over time. New US airline jets have more safeguards and safety measures which help minimize untoward accidents on air and on the ground. Among the interesting market players in the US airlines industry is COMAIR. For instance, COMAIR has been effective in four general areas of operations: 1) winning customers; 2) maintaining its fleet in excellent condition; 3) close relations with its pool of human resources, 4) keeping its finances viable. In general, COMAIR's is able to grow its equity over time (McCabe, 1998)COMAIR has increased international capacity by 15 percent in 2008 to address increasing demand. (International Herald Tribune, June 4, 2008) The company has consistently upgraded its fleet on a yearly basis. As regards its salary expenses, Comair's flight attendants have approved a US$7.9 million dollars in wage cuts intended to help the company recover from its financial difficulties. Fourth, COMAIR has been able to manage its finances well. The company has managed to keep unit revenues up and unit costs down. The airlines fly all their available seats, hence, the company managers try to increase their unit revenues on a quarterly basis. The COMAIR managers understand that most of the airline's costs are fixed. Approximately ten percent of costs go to services such as airport fees and air navigation services fees. Labor costs take up an average of 38 percent in the United States. Hence, the COMAIR managers have focused on decreasing the unit cost to bring down operations cost.In addition, the managers continue to manage near-term liquidity pressures. Cash collateral posting requirements had a material impact on its unrestricted cash positions since 2008. Delta Air Lines, stated on Dec. 2, 2008 that its projected cash collateral posting requirement at Dec. 31, 2008 would be approximately US $1.1 billion dollars.In response to the situation of the parent company, C OMAIR is focused on improvements in free cash flow as the key to liquidity preservation. In addition, the company has scaled-back aircraft financing commitments and has